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Saint John Bosco ((イタリア語:Giovanni Melchiorre Bosco); 16 August 181531 January 1888〔(Saint of the Day, 31 January: ''John Bosco'' ) ''SaintPatrickDC.org.'' Retrieved 2012-03-09.〕), popularly known as Don Bosco (:ˈdɔm ˈbosko), was an Italian Roman Catholic priest of the Latin Church, educator and writer of the 19th century. While working in Turin, where the population suffered many of the effects of industrialization and urbanization, he dedicated his life to the betterment and education of street children, juvenile delinquents, and other disadvantaged youth. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method that became known as the Salesian Preventive System. A follower of the spirituality and philosophy of Saint Francis de Sales, Bosco dedicated his works to him when he founded the Salesians of Don Bosco, based in Turin. Together with Maria Domenica Mazzarello, he founded the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, a religious congregation of nuns dedicated to the care and education of poor girls. In 1876 Bosco founded a movement of laity, the Association of Salesian Cooperators, with the same educational mission to the poor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Salesian Cooperators )〕 In 1875 he began to publish the ''Salesian Bulletin''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Salesian Bulletin in the World )〕 The ''Bulletin'' has remained in continuous publication, and is currently published in 50 different editions and 30 languages.〔 Bosco established a network of organizations and centres to carry on his work. Following his beatification in 1929, he was canonized as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Pius XI in 1934. ==Life== John Bosco was born in the evening of 16 August 1815 in the hillside hamlets of Becchi, Italy. He was the youngest son of Francesco Bosco (1784–1817) and Margherita Occhiena. He had two older brothers, Antonio and Giuseppe (1813–1862).〔 The Boscos of Becchis were farmhands of the Moglian Family. John Bosco was born into a time of great shortage and famine in the Piedmonteses countryside, following the devastation wrought by the Napoleonic wars and a drought in 1817.〔The ''Piedmont drought'' lasted from 1817 to 1819. See The Majesty of Charleston by Peter Beney, p.64, 2005 edition.〕 When he was little more than two years old his father Francesco died, leaving the support of three boys to his mother, Margherita.〔(Saxton, Eugene. "St. Giovanni Melchior Bosco." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 2 Feb. 2013 )〕 She played a strong role in Bosco's formation and personality, and was an early supporter of her son's ideals. In 1825, when he was nine, Bosco had the first of a series of dreams which would play an influential role in his outlook and work. This first dream "left a profound impression on him for the rest of his life", according to his own memoirs.〔 Bosco apparently saw a multitude of very poor boys who play and blaspheme, and a man, who "appeared, nobly attired, with a manly and imposing bearing".〔 The man said to him: When the traveling entertainers performed at a local feast in the nearby hills, John watched and studied the jugglers' tricks and the acrobats' secrets. Then he would put on shows of his skills as a juggler, magician and acrobat〔Willey, David, ("Magician priest wants patron saint of magic" ), BBC News 2 June 2002〕 with prayers before and after the performance.〔(31 January: Saint John Bosco ) ''Magnificat.ca''. Retrieved 2012-03-09.〕 Poverty prevented any serious attempt at schooling. John's early years were spent as a shepherd, and he received his first instruction from a parish priest.〔 his childhood experiences are thought to have inspired him to become a priest. At the time, being a priest was generally seen as a profession for the privileged classes, rather than farmers, although it was not unknown.〔 Some biographers portray his older brother Antonio as the main obstacle for Bosco's ambition to study, as the brother protested that John was just "a farmer like us!" On a cold morning of February 1827, John left his home and went to look for work as a farm-servant. At 12, he found life at home unbearable because of the continuous quarrels with Antonio.〔 Having to face life by himself at such a young age may have developed his later sympathies to help abandoned boys. After begging unsuccessfully for work, Bosco ended up at the wine farm of Louis Moglia.〔 Although Bosco could pursue some studies by himself, he was not able to attend school for two more years. In 1830 he met Joseph Cafasso, a young priest who identified some natural talent and supported his first schooling. In 1835 Bosco entered the seminary at Chieri, next to the Church of the Immacolata Concezione.〔Now hosts an exhibition dedicated to the San Giovanni Bosco.〕 After six years of study, he was ordained priest on the eve of Trinity Sunday by Archbishop Franzoni of Turin.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Bosco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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